Freon gas properties pdf

It is commonly used when referring to any fluorocarbon refrigerants. Tables of the thermodynamic properties of dupont freon. The refrigerant in any refrigerator or air conditioner flows continuously through the vapor compression cycle, absorbing the heat in the evaporator and releasing it in the condenser. Note that in most cases, equipment designed for r22 cannot use r410a because of this difference in operating pressures, so retrofitting an existing r22. Refrigerants and their application presented by thomas e. This article describes thermodynamic properties of the refrigerants the ideal refrigerant. R514a is a refrigerant with a very low gwp of under 2 and is targeted as a replacement for r123 in centrifugal chiller applications. Freon group refrigerants application and odp values refrigerant areas of application odp cfc 11r11 cfc 12 r 12 cfc r cfc1 r1 cfc114 r114 blend of r22 and r115 r502 airconditioning systems ranging from 200 to 2000 tons in capacity. Nist standard reference database 23, refprop thermo dynamic properties of refrigerants and refrigerant mixtures, version 3.

What supermarkets and property and facility managers need to know. Ammonia is an efficient and popular refrigerant due to its superior thermodynamic properties and low cost. The gas based form of freon is known to emit a strong chemical smell not unlike that of. Sulfur dioxide was widely used as refrigerant during the early 20th century.

Pdf refrigerant types, issues, trends and future options. A refrigerant experiences stage changes from a fluid to gas on absorbing warmth and back to fluid when a compressor packs it. It is hazardous when released in large quantities due to its toxicity. R290 propane as alternative refrigerant propylene r1270 as an alternative to propane carbon dioxide r744 co 2 as an alternative refrigerant and secondary fluid refrigerants for special applications lubricants for compressors refrigerant properties application ranges overview lubricants to the digital refrigerant report. A refrigerant is a substance, usually a fluid chemical compounds, that is used in a refrigeration cycle to cool a space. Table a1 molar mass, gas constant, and criticalpoint properties table a2 ideal gas specific heats of various common gases table a3 properties of common liquids, solids, and foods table a4 saturated watertemperature table table a5 saturated waterpressure table table a6 superheated water table a7 compressed liquid water table a8 saturated icewater vapor. In certain concentrations and the presence of an open flame such as a gas range or a gas water heater, r12 and r22 may break down and form a small amount of harmful phosgene gas. R32 is suitable for new equipment specifically designed for r32, in applications that used to use r410a. For thermodynamics and fluid mechanics problems, values of entropy, specific heat energy etc must be known for various fluids and their value can easily be obtained from these tables.

Effects of refrigerant properties on refrigerant performance citeseerx. This program is based on the most accurate pure fluid and mixture. It has a great chemical and thermal stability, low toxicity and is nonflammable, besides. However, ammonia does exhibit a unique refrigerant characteristic due to its irritating odor. R22 thermodynamic properties temperature standard1. The general conclusion of the thesis is that the refrigerant affects all of the measured properties negatively on the subject of lubrication and life of the rolling element bearing. Thermal properties of each refrigerant 24 table 10. Thermal properties of each refrigerant 32 table 14. R410a or r407c know the facts we are all aware that r22 refrigerant was phased out due to the montreal protocol which took affect in january 2010 and alternative refrigerants are now available. General physical properties freon 12 is a colorless gas at room temperature, although it is typically compressed to a liquefied form. The refrigerant is the fluid that is used in the vapor compression refrigeration system for carrying the heat from the substance or the fluid to be cooled and throws it to the atmosphere. An understanding of the pressuretemperature relationship of refrigerants as theypass through the refrigeration compression cycle also will help you as you study this chapter on refrigerant tables.

When it is deeply inhaled, it can cut off vital oxygen to your cells and lungs. Summary of environmental impacts of each refrigerant 28 table. A impact of refrigerant property uncertainties on prediction. Freon, trademark, any of several simple fluorinated aliphatic organic compounds that are used in commerce and industry.

R410a, sold under the trademarked names az20, ecofluor r410, forane 410a, freon 410a, genetron r410a, puron, and suva 410a, is a zeotropic but nearazeotropic mixture of difluoromethane ch 2 f 2, called r32 and pentafluoroethane chf 2 cf 3, called r125 that is used as a refrigerant in air conditioning applications. R22 basic physical properties agc chemicals company. Table aesuperheated refrigerant 4a figure a14eph diagram for refrigerant 4a table a16eproperties of the atmosphere at high altitude table a17eideal gas properties of air table a18eideal gas properties of nitrogen, n 2 table a19eideal gas properties of oxygen, o 2 table a20eideal gas properties of carbon dioxide, co 2. The real gas is generally composed of an analytical equation with multiple terms, with typical equations comprising 10. Ashrae 34 classes r514a as a b1 refrigerant, meaning. Ideal gas heat capacity equation at constant pressure. Opteon xp44 r452a refrigerant low global warming potential refrigerants for air conditioning and refrigeration opteon refrigerants for air conditioning, refrigeration, and heat pump applications have the optimal balance of performance, environmental sustainability, safety, and cost. Handbook of green building design and construction second edition, 2017 related terms. A gas au11734 r22 is a single component hcfc refrigerant that has historically been used for air conditioning, medium temperature and low temperature refrigeration. R404a refrigerant is an established alternative to r22 and r502. It is odorless, nontoxic, nonflammable, nonexplosive and noncorrosive. This article is the brief overview of what are refrigerants and the history of refrigerants. R22 thermodynamic properties agc chemicals company. Pdf thermodynamics properties table suddiyas nawaz.

With r410a, the same unit will operate under the same conditions with a suction pressure of 118 psi and a discharge pressure of 400 psi, as shown in figure 1 on the next page. This refrigerant is not 100% compatible with the lubricants and mineralbased refrigerant currently used in r12. It is normally odorless, although at high concentrations in air greater than 20 percent by volume it has a faint etherlike smell. In addition to fluorine and carbon, freons often contain hydrogen, chlorine, or bromine.

This refrigerant was introduced commercially in the early 1960s for low temperature applications and is particularly suitable for hermetic compressors. The potential for a single molecule of the refrigerant to destroy the ozone layer. A familiarity with these diagrams will make this chapter easier. Ashrae 34 classes r514a as a b1 refrigerant, meaning that it is not. Freor has been one amongst the first to use r290 as a refrigerant in largesize commercial refrigeration units with multiple circuits of limited 150 g charge per circuit and it proved to be a commercially attractive alternative to equipment using f gases. Positively innovative refrigerants r32 daikin chemical europe. Ammonia is environmentally benign, having zero gwp and zero odp. The term freon is a common descriptor or proprietary eponym similar to a generic trademark like xerox or kleenex. Cooling efficiency of each refrigerant 25 table 11. It is used where low freezing point and noncorrosive properties are important. Thus, freons are types of chlorofluorocarbons cfcs, hydrochlorofluorocarbons hcfcs, and related compounds.

A next generation refrigerant properties database purdue epubs. Carbon dioxide is widely used as a refrigerant in mechanical systems refrigerant, marine services, hospitals, etc. These physical properties of refrigerants help us select the proper refrigerant for the application as per our requirement. Fellow ashrae mcquay international staunton, virginia usa 1 what is a refrigerant. As all hfc refrigerants not damage the ozone layer. Its gwp of 675 is within the acceptable limits for refrigerant gases used in new equipment splits with a load less than 3 kg, put on the market from 01012025, in. Discuss refrigerant selection criteria based on thermodynamic, thermophysical, environmental and economic properties section 26. Section 608 of the clean air act prohibits the knowing release of refrigerant during the maintenance, service, repair, or disposal of.

Design changes to the condenser and evaporator need to be done to use this refrigerant. The choice of perfect refrigerant is made in view of its ideal thermodynamic properties, nondestructive nature, and security nonharmful and noncombustible. Odour threshold is subjective and inadequate to warn for over exposure. Ethereal poor warning properties at low concentrations. Refrigerant r4a thermodynamic properties eng units 2 equations the mbwr equation of state was used to calculate the tables of thermodynamic properties. It exists in gas form when expose to the environment as the boiling temperature is 14. Refrigerants commonly used refrigerants methane series. In refrigeration and air conditioning applications there are wide range of conditions in which the refrigerants. Freon 4a thermodynamic properties freon refrigerants. Energy consumption and environmental impacts 26 of each refrigerant during operation table 12. Air conditioning air conditioning systems heating, cooling and dehumidification of indoor air for thermal comfort. R12 dichlorodifluoromethane properties thermodynamic properties of saturated and superheated dichlorodifluoromethane cf 2 cl 2 specific volume, enthalpy and entropy.